Techonology

CHATGPT can transform telemarketers, teachers and businessmen

After decades of blue-collar jobs being taken over by machines, advanced chatbots are now breathing life into white collars. “Generative” artificial-intelligent (AI) tools, such as ChatGipt, have made significant progress in crafting human-sounding language and grasping context. So much so that they have leapfrogged humans in some tasks. This could make 300m jobs redundant. Globally, according to Goldman Sachs, a bank.

(The Economist)

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(The Economist)

A recent study conducted by Openai, the startup that created CHATGPT, looked at the potential of automation in 1,016 businesses. Humans and AI rated differently how well software powered by large language models (LLMs), which are trained on huge chunks of the Internet and then fine-tuned for specific tasks, at jobs. Contains 19,000 tasks that can be completed. If software, such as Openai’s GPT-4, were thought to be capable of reducing the time it takes humans to complete a task by at least half, without a drop in quality, the task could become an AI replacement. (a score of one means the entire business can be done in half the time).

For other tasks annotators envision additional software that could be added to models, such as computer tools that can automatically pull fresh data from the Internet. They found that 80% of Americans could have at least 10% of their work done by advanced AI tools. This figure rises to 50% of tasks for an estimated 19% of workers.

Most are exposed industries that rely on programming and writing skills. This echoes another study, published by academics in the US on March 1, which found that the industries most at risk of a shake-up were legal services and some sectors of the financial and insurance industries. They point to telemarketers as making the business redundant.

Teachers, especially of languages, literature and history, are next on the list. What is striking in both studies is that, in contrast to previous successes in machine learning, it is skilled and high-paying jobs that are most exposed.

This automation should not be feared. This could free up workers from mundane tasks and achieve greater labor productivity, which would be a boon for drum-tight labor markets in advanced economies. A Goldman Sachs study published on April 5 shows that generative AI could boost global GDP by 7% over the next decade.

But such studies may exceed the potential for automation. Annotators responsible for mapping the overlaps between LLM and human capabilities may omit some tacit skills in occupations about which they know less. Human qualities required for some jobs, such as empathy or charisma, will be overlooked. And not all tasks should be done by AI: Vanderbilt University in Tennessee had to apologize for using ChatGet to write a condolence email to students after a shooting at another US university.

Many businesses may lack the IT architecture or inclination to accommodate AI innovations. And those who embrace it will face practical and legal quandaries. When chatbots don’t know what to say, they often fib (although they can). The “creative” output they generate is based on a mashup of data sourced from the Internet, raising thorny issues around accuracy, privacy and intellectual property. For all their conversational panache, in the real world, AI tools will still need handlers. Even create new jobs.

© 2025, The Economist Newspaper Limited. All rights reserved. From The Economist, published under license. Original content can be found at www.economist.com

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